Nutmeg Cultivation – Commodity Export

NUTMEG 

( Myristica Fragan Haitt )

I. BRIEF HISTORY

    Nutmeg (Myristica Fragan Haitt) is a tall tree fruit crops native to Indonesia, because these plants comes from the Banda and the Moluccas.Nutmeg plants spread to the island of Java, at Marcopollo trip to China that pass through the island of Java in 1271 until 1295 nutmeg crop cultivation continues to spread to Sumatra.

II. TYPES OF PLANTS

    Nutmeg plants have several types, among others:

• Myristica fragrans Houtt
• Myristica argentea Ware
• Myristica fattua Houtt
• Myristica specioga Ware
• Myristica Sucedona BL
• Myristica malabarica Lam

    That many types of nutmeg is cultivated mainly Myristica fragrans, nutmeg because this type has a higher economic value than other types. Followed by the type and Myristica argentea Myristica fattua. Type specioga Myristica, Myristica sucedona, and Myristica malabarica production low so that the economic value too low, too.

III. BENEFITS OF PLANTS

Aside from being a spice, nutmeg also serves as an essential oil-producing plants that are widely used in the canning industry, beverages and cosmetics.

• Bark and leaf : stem / wood nutmeg tree called “kino” is only used as firewood. Bark and leaves of plants produce essential oils of nutmeg.
• MACE : Fuli is the object to wrap nutmeg seed is shaped like a woven head, called a “mace”. Mace is the dried form is sold domestically.
• Nutmeg : Nutmeg seed was never used by native people as a spice. Nutmeg really can relieve all the pain and the pain caused by the cold and into the wind in the stomach and intestines.Nutmeg is very good for drug impaired digestion, vomiting medications and so on others.
• Nutmeg Meat : Meat nutmeg excellent and highly favored by the people if it had been processed into a snack food, eg pickled nutmeg, candied nutmeg, marmelade, jam nutmeg, nutmeg kKristal meat.

IV. INVESTMENT CENTER

If the data seen in 1971 and then, nutmeg crop area in Indonesia about 22,809 hectares with a centralized distribution area in Sulawesi, Irian Jaya.Aceh and Maluku.

V. GROWING CONDITIONS

5.1. Climate

• Nutmeg crop also requires a hot climate with high rainfall and somewhat uneven / not changed much throughout the year.
• Environmental air temperature 20-30 degrees C whereas, rainfall divided regularly throughout the year. Nutmeg plants belonging to species of plants that are resistant to drought for several months.

5.2. Media Plant

• These plants need a loose soil, fertile and well suited to the soil vulkasnis that has good drainage. Nutmeg crop grows well in sandy-textured soils to clay with high organic matter content.
• While the pH of soil suitable for nutmeg crop is 5.5 to 6.5. These plants are sensitive to disruption of water, then for these plants must have good drainage.
• In the sloping lands as on the slopes of the mountains, so the soil does not erode so that fertility is reduced, it needs to be made terraces across the slopes.

5.3. Altitude Place

    Nutmeg plants can grow well in areas that have a height of 500-700 m above sea level.
While at an altitude above 700 m, produksitivitas plants will be low.

VI. FARMING GUIDELINES

6.1. SEEDLINGS

       i) Duplication of generative mode (Seed)

       a) Selection of seeds

         Propagation by seed can be done with mengecambahkan seeds. In this case the seed is derived from:

1. Seed sweep: seeds collected just unnoticed in a clear and definite about the parent tree.
2. Selected seeds: seeds that came from the parent tree or clearly known. In this case there are three kinds of seeds selected, namely:
   • legitiem seeds, ie seeds that are known to clear the parent tree (obvious stigma unknown origin);
   • illegitiem seeds, ie seeds from intercropping is unknown, but the origin of stigma clearly known;
   • Propellegitiem seeds, ie seeds from crosses that occur in a garden that consists of two or more clones.

   The seeds to be used as the seed must come from the nutmeg that really cook. Nutmeg seeds to be used as the seed should come from the nutmeg trees which have the properties:

• healthy growth of adult trees;
• capable of high production and quality in both.

    Based on the Decree of the Director General of Plantation Number: KB.010/42/SK / DJ. BUN/9/1984, has been defined and selected parent trees can be used as seed sources are scattered in four provinces, namely: West Sumatra, West Java, North Sulawesi and the Moluccas. Seeds from parent trees selected to be used as the seed must be selected, the selected seeds are large in size with a minimum weight of 50 grams / seed, rather round-shaped and symmetrical, skin-colored seeds blackish brown and shiny, not attacked by pests and diseases. Nutmeg fruit is picked from the tree and the seeds will be seeded should be taken no later than within 24 hours of the seeds have been sown. This is due to the nature of the nutmeg seed berkecambahnya can quickly decline.

       b) Seeding

        Land where the seeding must be near a water source to make it easier to do watering nursery. Land that will be used for seeding should be chosen and friable soil. Land cultivated with hoes with a depth of about 20 cm and eddy made beds with a width of about 1.5 cm long and 5-10 cm in length, depending on the nutmeg to be planted. Beds are made of North-South longitudinal. Then the land that has been processed manure is mixed with the ready-made (not fermented) evenly enough so that the soil becomes friable seedbed. Opened a small gutter around the bed that serves as a drainage channel.

     Beds were a shade of woven palm leaves / straw with a size of 2 m high east and west of 1 m. purpose of this shade is for the nursery is only exposed to the sun in the morning until late afternoon and at midday heat of the nursery was protected by the shade.

Seedbed soil drenched with water little by little so kebasahannya evenly and not until there is a puddle on the bed. Then the seeds sown by immersing nutmeg nutmeg until deep sekiat 1 cm below the surface of the soil bed. The distance between seed seedbed is 15×15 cm. The position of the buried seeds / seedlings should be tight, ie white line on the skin located below the seed. Maintenance of nursery beds is primarily to keep the soil remains wet (watered with water) and keep the land clean of weeds beds).

Once the seeds germinate the trunk would have grown. Then the seedlings at the nursery can be transferred to polybags bags containing growth media in the form of loose fertile soil mixed with manure. Transfer of seedlings from the nursery into polybag bag must be done carefully so that roots are not damaged.

Polybag which already contains the seeds of plants should be put in place protected from sunlight / placed in rows and form a protective roof above it are woven palm leaves / straw.

    Maintenance in polybags primarily is to keep the growing medium stays clean of weeds and keep the growing medium in a state still wet but not water dependent. In order not to stagnant water, the bottom of the polybag must be given a hole to escape the water spray / rain.

The seeds are light fertilizing can be done, namely with TSP and urea fertilizer each prominence 1 gram per fertilization. Fertilizer placed on the surface of growth media and then instantly doused. Fertilization is done two times a year, namely at the beginning of the rainy season and at the end of the rainy season. Once the seedlings have 3-5 stems branch, then this seed can be moved / planted in the field.

      ii) Propagation Method Graft (Marcoteren)

       Nutmeg plant propagation by grafting aims to get a plant that has the properties of native parents (trees grafted). Points to consider in choosing a rod / cabangyang be grafted from the tree growth is healthy and able to produce enough fruit, trees that have been aged 12-15 years. Stems / branches that are woody, but not too old / too young.

How to grafting ( marcotern ):

1. Trunk / branches exfoliated skin with a sharp knife in a circle 3-4 cm long. The position of the graft approximately 25 cm from the base of the stem / branch. Mucus / cambium that coats the wood removed by disisrik kambiumnya, which will be transplanted stem is left for several hours until the wood seemed to dry thoroughly.
2. Take loose soil and manure are mixed with wet and lumpy. Then the ground is attached / wrapped on the shaft of which have been hulled shaped mound. Mound is then covered with coconut fiber / plastic. So that land can be firmly attached to the rod that has been hulled,
   then the coconut fiber / plastic pad with a rope tied firmly on the take, the middle and upper. When using the pads of the plastics, then the top and bottom should be given a small hole to enter the water spray (upper hole) and as a drainage channel (hole bottom). If cloning is successful, then after 2 months to grow roots. If the grafted roots that are ready to be cut and
   removed the basket or planted directly in the field.

    iii) Propagation Method Peyambungan (enten And Grafting)

      This switching system is placing the plants selected in other parts of the plant as a parent to form a joint plant. Splicing system, there are two ways, namely:

1. Grafting shoots (entern, grafting): Joining the top of this there are three kinds:
   1. Enten gap (the upper stem and lower stem as large)
   2. Enten barbershop or copulation
   3. Enten side (triangle)
2. Grafting eyes (grafting): Joining the eye there are three kinds:
   1. Grafting regular (rectangular)
   2. Grafting “T”
   3. Forkert
   4. After 3-4 months after grafting with enten systems or grafting was done and if it has shown the existence of stem growth (in connection enten) and buds (the grafting grafting), the plants can be planted in the field.

     iv) Propagation Method Breastfeeding ( Inarching Or Approach Graftin g).

         In this feeding system, the size of the lower stem and upper stem should be as large (more or less of the fingers of adults). How to do this is as follows:

1. Choose the lower and upper stem candidates who have the same size.
2. Do penyayatan on the upper stem and lower stem to the shape and size until the exposed part of the wood.
3. Attach the lower stem to the stem above the incision was right on and tie on the upper stem right at the incision and a strong tie with raffia.

    After some time, both the stem will grow together as if the rootstock suckle on the upper stem as a parent. Within 4-6 weeks, breastfeeding is already visible results. If the stem above the leaves do not wither, then it can be ensured successful breastfeeding. After 4 months, the stem bottom and the top is no longer needed and should be cut and allowed to grow completely. Once it has fully grown, the seedlings of these feeding results can already be planted in the field.

     v) Propagation Cuttings Method

       Nutmeg plants can be propagated by cuttings of young and old with 0.5% IBA solution hormaon. Penyetekan using hormone IBA 0.5%, usually at age 4 months after penyetekan already out by the roots. Then the next three months has grown quite a lot of roots. Another experiment is to use 0.6% IBA in the form of lime. Penyetekan using IBA 0.6%, usually after 8 weeks of callus had formed at the bottom of the cuttings. Then if necessary a second time with 0.5% IBA solution, then after 9 months later was visible roots.

6.2. PLANTING MEDIA PROCESSING

      Nutmeg garden plants need to be prepared for the best, on land there are still bushes must be removed. Then processed to become friable soil so that aeration (air circulation in the ground) goes well. Tillage should be done in the dry season so that the process of tilling the soil it can be more effective.Tillage on sloping land conditions should be done according to the direction of the transverse slope. Processing of land in this way will form a groove that can prevent the flow of surface soil / avoid erosion. On the ground slope of 20% need to be made terraces with a width of about 2 m, can also be arranged with planting terraces kountur system, which can form guludan terrace, patio credit / patio bench.

6.3. PLANTING TECHNIQUES

      Planting seedlings at the beginning of the rainy season. This is to prevent the seedlings did not die because of drought, seedling plants from the seeds and stems already have 3-5 branches are usually able to adapt to environmental conditions so that growth can be good. Planting from seed is done by the following: poly bag (bag pelastik) at first release, put seeds into the planting hole and surface soil in the planting hole is made slightly below the surface fields. Once the seeds are planted, the planting hole and then doused with water so that the media grow in a wet hole.

     If the nutmeg seed derived from the graft, so before planting the leaves should be reduced beforehand to prevent rapid evaporation. Planting holes for seedlings derived from the nutmeg shell needs to be made deeper. This is so that as adults these plants did not collapse because the system of seed mixtures grafts do not have roots riding. Once the seedlings at planting, planting holes should be watered so that the media becomes wet plants.Planting seeds of nutmeg from enten and grafting can be done such as planting the seeds of nutmeg from the seed. Plant holes need to be prepared one month before the seed is planted. It is intended that the land in lubangan a paddle (not sour), particularly if its manufacture in the rainy season, planting holes are made with size 60 x 60 x 60 cm for light soil types and sizes of 80x80x80 cm for the type of clay. In digging the planting hole, the upper soil layer should be separated with the bottom layer of soil, because these two soil layers contain different elements. After some time, soil excavation at the bottom of the first insert, then following the excavation of top soil mixed with manure to taste. Spacing is good for nutmeg plant is: on flat land is a 9×10 m. While on undulating land is 9×9 m.

6.4. PEMELIAHARAAN PLANT

    To prevent damage or even death of plants, it needs to try a fast-growing cover crops, such as plant species or much earlier Clerisidae nutmeg seed is planted, the land first planted crops buah-buahan/tanaman coconut.

• Stitching should be done if the seed heads are dead / not good growth.
• At the end of the rainy season, after fertilizing watering should be done immediately so that fertilizer can be immediately dissolved and absorbed by the roots. At the time the young plants, fertilization can be done with organic fertilizers (manure) and inorganic fertilizers (chemical fertilizer together with artificial fertilizers), namely in the form of TSP, Urea and KCl. But if the plants are mature / old, fertilization and more effective are inorganic fertilizers. Fertilization is done twice a year, at the beginning of the rainy season and at the end of the rainy season.
• Before fertilization done, should be made deep ditch 10 cm wide and 20 cm in a circle around the main stem of plant canopy width (canopy), and TSP fertilizer, Urea and KCl sown evenly in the trench is backfilled and immediately ground with the meeting. If fertilization is done at the beginning of the rainy season, after dilakuakan at the end of the rainy season, then to help the dissolution of the fertilizer can be watering, but if the conditions are still a lot of rain does not need watering.

7. Pests and diseases

7.1. HAMA

1. Stem borer ( Batocera sp )
   • Nutmeg crop is attacked by these pests in a given time may experience death.
   • Symptoms: There gerekan hole on the rod diameter from 0.5 to 1 cm, where the obtained sawdust.
   • Control:
     • cover the hole with wood gerekan / create grooves on the hole and kill hamanya gerekan.
     • insert / inject (menginfuskan) insect toxins such as Dimicron 199 EC and 50 EC Tamaran systemic nutmeg into the tree trunk using a drill, the dose is entered as many as 15-20 cc and the hole was immediately closed again.
2. Anai-Anai / Termites
   • Pest termites begin to attack the roots of plants, into the base of the stem and eventually up into the shaft.
   • Symptoms: the occurrence of black spots on the surface of the rod, if the black spot was peeled, then the nest and the channels
     created by termites (termites) will appear.
   • Control: spraying a solution of insecticide in the soil around the stems of plants that were attacked, insecticides sprayed on the black spots that can seep into the nest and the channels created by the termites.
3. Beetles Aeroceum fariculatus
   • Pest beetles are small and often attacked nutmeg.Imagonnya bored into the seeds and lay eggs in it. In the seeds, the eggs will hatch and become larvae that can be bored into a whole nutmeg seed. Control: nutmeg to dry immediately after being taken from the fruit.

7.2. Disease

1. Cancer stem
   • Symptoms: swelling of the stem, branches or twigs of plants are attacked.
   • Control: clean up the garden of shrubs, prune the affected areas and burned.
2. Cut the white
   • Cause: The fungus coreneum sp. which can cause fruit split and fall before the old.
   • Symptoms: there are small patches of purple-brown on the skin of the fruit. Patches are enlarged and colored black.
   • Control:
     • make sewer water (drainage) is good;
     • fumigation with sulfur under a tree with a dose of 100 grams / plant.
3. Spider Houses
   • Attacking branches, twigs and leaves.
   • Symptoms: The leaves dry out and then followed by drying of twigs and branches.
   • Control: cut branches, twigs and leaves are attacked, then burned.
4. Dried fruit rotting
   • Cause: The fungus Stignina myristicae.
   • Symptoms: the form of brown spots, and concave spherical shape with patches of varying sizes, from a
     very small up to about 3 cm on the skin of the fruit clusters appear mushroom-colored cluster of green and finally blackish blotches are going dry and hard .
   • Control:
     • moisture conditions around the nutmeg trees need to be reduced, for example by reducing shade trees
       around the nutmeg else by pruning some branches leafy, then cleared the ground around the tree, there are no weeds or other plants shrubs;
     • nutmeg and Diseased leaves are picked and immediately buried in the ground;
     • can be done with a regular fungicide spraying, ie 2-4 weeks, either at no attack or no attack of this disease, which can be used fungsida containing the active ingredient is mancozeb, karbendazim and benomi.
5. Wet fruit rot
   • Cause: Collectotrichum gloeosporiodes fungus, which attacks the fruit, or infecting the wound.
   • Symptoms: nutmeg looks rotten brown color that are soft and wet; these symptoms are present in around the fruit stalk attached to the fruit so the fruit easy to fall.
   • Control: with dried fruit rotting.
6. Young fruit fall
   • Symptoms: young fruit of the fall.
   • Cause: The disease is not clearly known.
   • Control: by combining (combining) between fertilization and fungicide administration.

8. HARVEST

Nutmeg Fruit aged 7 months old

8.1. FEATURES AND AGE HARVEST

      Generally, the nutmeg trees start fruiting at the age of 7 years and at age 10 has been producing profitably. Production will continue to rise and at the age of 25 years to reach the highest production. Nutmeg trees continue to produce until the age of 60-70 years. Nutmeg can be picked (harvested) after quite ripe (old), which is about 6-7 months after the beginning of a flower with signs of nutmeg fruit is ripe when the fruit is part of the magpie fissure (splitting) through dimpled groove and looks seeds which diselaputi red mace.If the fruit that has begun to fissure dipohon allowed to remain for 2-3 days, then splitting into perfect fruit (fruit split in two) and the seeds will fall on the ground. In Banda area, known as 3 different harvest time each year, namely: (1) harvest / big (mid-rainy season); harvest fewer (early rainy season) and a small harvest (end of rainy season). Nutmeg harvest at the beginning of the rainy season provides the best results (high quality) and mace (mace) is the thickest.

8.2. HOW plucking

     Nutmeg fruit picking can be done with bamboo pole tip given / shaped baskets (java: the figure). Moreover, it can also be done with the climb and pick and pluck the fruits of a ripe nutmeg correct.

9. Postharvest

9.1. SEPARATION OF FRUIT

The separation of meat pieces with nutmeg

Once ripe fruits collected nutmeg, the fruit is ripe split between meat and fruit, mace and seeds are separated. Each piece of nutmeg is a condition placed on the containers clean and dry. The seeds are collected need to be sorted and sorted-pilahkan into 3 kinds:

• the fat and intact;
• thin or wrinkled, and
• defective.

9.2. DRYING SEEDS

     Nutmeg seeds obtained from the process-I was immediately dried to avoid pests and diseases. Seeds dried by the sun’s heat in the drying floor / other places. Drying too quickly with a higher heat will result in broken nutmeg.Nutmeg that has been marked by detached parts of dry seed coat (shell), if classified to hilarious and water content of 8-10%.

Nutmeg seeds are dried, then beaten with wooden skin to break and separate buijinya with the content of seeds. Contents of seeds that have been out of the shells are sorted by size on the size of the content of seeds:

• Large: there are 120 in 1 kg of grain content of seeds.
• Moderate: in 1 kg there are about 150 grain seed content.
• Small: in 1 kg there are about 200 grains of seed contents.

    Contents of dried beans, then do calcification. Liming nutmeg is often undertaken in wet calcification, namely:

• Limestone that has been filtered through a soft limestone made solution in a large tub / vessel (such as those used for whitewashing or whitewash the wall / wall).
• Contents nutmeg seed is put in a small basket and dipped in a solution of lime up to 2-3 times with a shake in such a way that touches all the lime content of seeds.
• Furthermore, the content of the seeds are put into piles in the warehouse for aerated until dry.

   After the process of calcification of the last inspection should be held to prevent the possibility of nutmeg seeds are disabled, such as rupture of previously unknown.

Pickling nutmeg can also be done with new technology, namely by fumigation using methyl bromide substances (CH3 B1) or carbon bisulfida (CS2)

9.3. DRYING NUTMEG FLOWERS  ( Fuli )

Nutmeg flower is red and little white sun drying time

     Fuli dried in the sun’s heat slowly over several hours, then aerated. This is done repeatedly until the mace is dry. The original color of bright red mace, after dried becomes dark red and finally becomes orange. With drying as this can result in a chewy mace (not brittle) and high quality so they have a high economic value as well.

9.4. REMOVING SHELL NUTMEG

      Solving nutmeg seed shell can be done in two ways, namely:

• With human labor: How to break the shell of the nutmeg seed is done by hitting with wood until the shell is broken. How to break the shell of nutmeg seeds require special skills, otherwise the seeds will fill a lot of damaged (broken) so kulitasnya down.
• With the machine: This method is widely used nutmeg farmers.Simply explained that the working mechanism and the tool is similar to that done by humans, ie a certain part of the machinery destroyed nutmeg skin so that the
  residence is the content of the seeds. The advantage of using the machine is energy, time and operational costs could be reduced. Besides mechanical damage of the contents of seeds are also smaller.

10. ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF CROP CULTIVATION

10.1. Cultivation of Business Analysis: …

10.2. OPPORTUNITIES agribusiness

      Production of nutmeg (seed and mace) each year continues to increase.Nutmeg production in 1962 of 3,200 tonnes increasing to 10,327 tons in 1971.Within 10 years, the production increase at an average of 22% per total area of ​​national head in 1985 is estimated to 70.192 hectares with total production of about 18,649 tons per year production increase was mainly due to the expansion of the nutmeg crop is a crop sekiatar 90% of the people. The role of nutmeg exports were large enough for farmers, especially in areas of Maluku, North Sulawesi, South Sulawesi, Irian Jaya. West Java and Aceh.Results nutmeg Indonesia has the advantage of world market because it has a distinctive aroma and has a high oil marinade. Only about 40% of the world’s nutmeg met from Granada, India and nutmeg-producing several other countries while 60% met the needs of the world’s nutmeg Indonesia, namely in the form of seeds and membranes seeds nutmeg (mace) dry can produce sizeable foreign exchange.

11. STANDARD PRODUCTION

11.1. SCOPE

      Standard production includes: quality requirements, how to test the quality, how to sample and how the packaging.

11.2. Standart QUALITY CLASSIFICATION

     To determine the quality of the nutmeg seed nuclei are produced, the criteria to be considered are as follows:

1. Pala peeled ABCD:
   • bji relatively heavy
   • perfect shape and not wrinkle
   • not attacked by pests / diseases
   • is not broken / damaged mechanically.
2. Pala peeled RIMPEL:
   • relatively heavy seeds
   • wrinkled
   • not broken
   • not attacked by pests / diseases
3. Pala peeled BWP
   • wrinkled
   • no mechanical damage
   • attacked by pests and diseases
   • mild

    From the results of sorting grain quality, we will get the average weight of a different, namely:

1. ABCD peeled nutmeg in a heavy sack (90 kg).
2. RIMPEL peeled nutmeg in a heavy sack (80 kg).
3. BWP peeled nutmeg in a heavy sack (75 kg).

    The criteria to determine quality standards mace based on color, shape and maturity of the mace. MACE quality criteria are:

1. I mace (mace one): the fruit is old; state mace intact; good color (red).
2. MACE II (mace two): the fruit is old; state mace no longer intact; mix with the color orange.
3. Gruis I and II: mace crushed; weathered and friable; color is black.

     Especially for Gruise II used a shredder to further refine the mace.

Nutmeg seed quality is determined by:

1. Spacing: spacing not only affects the quantity, but determining the resulting quality of nutmeg. By spacing the meeting we will usually get smaller fruits.
2. Maintenance: maintenance also affect the quality of the resulting nutmeg. As a result of maintenance that is not good nutmeg easily attacked by pests or disease (white split) so that fruit quality is poor.
3. How to harvesting and processing: fruit picked at the time was young, seeds and mace that we get will be low quality. Similarly, poor processing, for example, drying is done in a hurry, nutmeg seed produced would be much broken.

11.3. RANDOM SAMPLING

     Each packaging sampled as much as 3 kg from the top, middle and bottom. Examples are mixed evenly without causing damage, then divided by four and two sections taken diagonally. How this is done several times until the sample reaches 3 kg for analysis.

• Number of packs in the party: 1 to 100, the minimum number of samples taken 5.
• Number of packs in the party: 101 to 300, the minimum number of samples taken 7.
• Number of packs in the party: 301 to 500, the minimum number of samples taken 9.
• Number of packs in the party: 501 to 1000, the minimum number of samples taken 10.
• Number of packs in the party: more than 1000, the minimum number of samples taken 15.
• Officers must qualify sample taker is someone who is experienced / trained in advance and have ties with a legal entity.

11.4. PACKING

Nutmeg seed round ABCD

Nutmeg seed round Rimpel

The purpose of packaging is to prevent damage to the product into the hands of consumers. A common packing is plastic bag because it can prevent the damage in a relatively long time. Packing seeds and nutmeg mace made ​​simple.Nutmeg that has been sorted packed with burlap-covered two. The average of each quality
nutmegs are as follows:

1. ABCD peeled nutmeg in a heavy sack of 90 kg.
2. RIMPEL peeled nutmeg in a sack weighs 80 kg.
3. BWP peeled nutmeg in a heavy sack of 75 kg.

     Especially for packing mace is usually done in a wooden box (plywood) with an average weight of 70-75 kg / crate. Things to consider before packing is: mace to be packed must be fumigated first. Giving fumigant in nutmeg and mace to be done in a sealed room for 2 x 24 hours. Fumigant used is Methyl Bromide.

Packing the wrong will lead to mace crushe